Operating Systems (OS) Backends

This type of backend storage for private keys relies on operating system-specific default protocols to handle key storage efficiently and securely. The sub-systems of popular operating systems handle password prompts, private key storage, and user activities based on policies set by the user.

Below are some operating systems and their respective managers:

• macOS (from Mac OS 8.6): Keychain

• Windows: Credentials Management API

• GNU/Linux: GNU/Linux distributions that use GNOME as the default desktop environment typically come with Seahorse.

• Kwallet: Users of KDE-based software distros use the KDE Wallet Manager.

Other recommended private key managers are file and pass